肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension,PH)在支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)的早产儿中并不少见,并且与病死率显著相关,其病理生理基础为肺血管发育异常、结构重塑以及气道反应性过高。目前对于BPD-PH,综合支持治疗是基础,靶向治疗药物是关键,即应用各种不同作用机制的肺血管扩张剂,如磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、内皮素受体拮抗剂和前列腺素。尽管专家共识建议使用靶向药物降低肺动脉压力,但关于这些药物安全性和有效性的高质量临床研究数量有限,肺血管重塑抑制剂及干细胞治疗具备一定的潜力,尚需进一步的研究及数据支持。Treatment progress of pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is commonly seen in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)and is significantly associated with increased mortality.The pathophysiological basis of PH is pulmonary vascular dysplasia or remodeling, and airways hyperresponsiveness.At present, management of BPD-PH should be comprehensive supportive therapy and focus on targeted pharmacotherapies, including various pulmonary vasodilators with different vasoactive mechanisms, such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists and prostaglandins analogs.However, although expert consensus recommends targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy, high-quality clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of these drugs are few.Pulmonary vascular remodeling inhibitors and stem cell therapy have enormous potential to reduce pulmonary hypertension and further research and more data are needed. 随着新生儿医学的发展和监护措施的进步,极早产儿的存活率显著提高。通常极早产儿的肺发育尚未达到肺泡阶段,处于小管期或囊泡期,胎龄越小气体交换能力越弱。为了促进气体交换,临床医生常需要使用高浓度吸氧及呼吸机来维持肺容量、保证充足的通气和动脉氧合,但同时也会激活肺部炎症通路、扰乱肺血管的发生,从而破坏肺组织,影响肺功能,造成支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)。过去的几十年中,在治疗BPD及降低其发生率方面取得的进展相对有限,而在患有BPD的早产儿中,尤其是中重度BPD患儿,容易出现肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension,PH),且病死率高[1,2]。BPD-PH的发生机制多考虑是在BPD的异常肺血管病理基础上(肺泡结构简单化、肺微血管密度降低、肺毛细血管异常扩张等),肺血管异常肌化及肺血管张力异常增高导致的[3,4]。定期对高危患儿进行心脏超声筛查可尽早发现PH并进行处理,以便在不可逆的损害之前预防致病性级联反应。美国心脏协会/美国胸科学会(American Heart Association/American Thoracic Society,AHA/ATS)、欧洲儿童肺血管疾病网络(European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network,EPPVDN)和儿童肺动脉高压网络都先后发布过有关BPD-PH的管理指南,强调心脏超声监测及筛查的重要性[5,6,7]。BPD-PH的治疗重点是最大程度地阻断或延缓肺血管重塑,同时优化呼吸状态,以保证相对正常的右心室功能[7]。目前靶向降低肺动脉压药物是研究热点,但其种类较多,疗效及安全性仍存在争议。现对BPD-PH的治疗进展进行综述,以期为该病的临床治疗提供一定的帮助。